Canine influenza virus is a relatively new pathogen of dogs. This virus was first identified in racing greyhounds in 2004. The clinical syndrome mimics “kennel cough” Bordetella bronchiseptica and is highly contagious. As this is a new pathogen of dogs, all dogs are potentially susceptible to infection.

CLINICAL SIGNS: All dogs, regardless of breed or age, are susceptible to this new pathogen since there is no naturally acquired or vaccine-induced immunity. 100% of dogs that are exposed will become infected, with 80% developing clinical signs. A smaller fraction of these dogs will develop the more severe pneumonia syndrome.

The milder disease consists of a low-grade fever and cough that persists for 2-3 weeks despite therapy with antibiotics. Dogs may also have a purulent (green/yellow) nasal discharge that will seem to resolve with antibiotics. This may suggest a secondary bacterial infection, which is a common component of the clinical presentation.

The severe form of the disease is characterized by a high fever, increased respiratory effort and often pneumonia.

FATALITY RATE: Fatal cases of pneumonia have been documented but are low (1 - 5%).

DIAGNOSIS: There is no rapid test for acute influenza. Current diagnostics rely on detecting antibodies to the canine influenza virus as early as 7 days after the onset of clinical signs.

PREVENTION: There is no vaccine for the canine influenza at this time. The virus is spread by airborne secretions, contaminated inanimate objects and even by people moving between infected and non-infected dogs.

TREATMENT: Treatment primarily consists of supportive care for the symptoms of the virus, along with antibiotics for any secondary infection.